催产素对蟾蜍离体坐骨神经-腓肠肌收缩的影响

采用常规方法剥离制备神经-腓肠肌标本，分别用浸有0.5％、1％和1.5％催产素的纱布浸润标本，浸润5min后，测量蟾蜍坐骨神经-腓肠肌的阈强度（mv）、收缩幅度（g）以及收缩潜伏期（ms），与放入正常任氏液作比较。经0.5％的催产素浸润后，腓肠肌的阈强度无明显变化，收缩幅度增大，且潜伏期时间缩短；经1％的催产素浸润后，腓肠肌的阈强度减小，收缩幅度增大，潜伏期时间相应缩短；而经1.5％浓度的催产素浸润后，腓肠肌的阈强度、收缩幅度以及潜伏期均无明显变化。较低浓度催产素可以提高骨骼肌收缩的兴奋性，但受药物剂量的限制。超过一定范围，骨骼肌收缩不随催产素浓度变化或随浓度增加骨骼肌的收缩能力相应减弱。     

气动人工肌肉驱动仿人灵巧手的结构设计

研究一种气动人工肌肉驱动的多指仿人灵巧手的结构设计. 通过分析正常人体解剖学,针对人类手掌的外形结构、驱动形式及运动规则,设计了一种5指仿人灵巧手. 该灵巧手有5个手指、19个自由度,在外观和功能上与人手接近;手指采用气动人工肌肉驱动,以柔索传动. 实验结果表明,该仿人灵巧手具有很好的柔顺性,并且整体外形和手指关节的运动范围均能达到拟人的效果.     

幼儿体操教学对幼儿大肌肉动作发展影响的实验研究

采用大肌肉动作发展测试量表,研究了幼儿体操教学对4～6岁幼儿大肌肉群动作发展的影响,结果表明：幼儿体操教学可以有效地促进4～6岁幼儿的大肌肉群动作的发展,且对位移技能的影响较为显著;4～6岁幼儿大肌肉动作的发展具有不平衡性,男女孩位移动作方面发展较均衡,而男孩物体控制方面较好。     

化橘红中主要活性成分对豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的：初步观察化橘红中主要活性成分对豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。方法通过原代培养豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞,采用 MTT 法观察化橘红中主要活性成分柚皮苷（Naringin）、橘皮内酯（Meranzin）和水合橘皮内酯（Meranzin hydrate）对细胞增殖的影响。结果柚皮苷（0.2~2.0 mg/mL）对豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞增殖有明显的促进作用（P<0.01）,水合橘皮内酯（0.1~1.0 mg/mL）对豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用（P<0.01）,橘皮内酯（0.05~0.5 mg/mL）对豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞的增殖作用不明显（P ＞0.05）。结论柚皮苷与水合橘皮内酯可能是化橘红主要药效活性成分。     

太平洋牡蛎肌肉蛋白的模拟胃肠液消化研究

采用美国药典提供的模拟胃液、肠液配方,通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和免疫印迹法(Western blot),分析了太平洋牡蛎肌肉过敏蛋白和非过敏蛋白在体外模拟胃液、肠液消化稳定性的差异.结果表明:在模拟胃液中,非过敏蛋白均能被胃蛋白酶快速降解,而主要过敏蛋白原肌球蛋白在60 min时仍未被...     

运动前肌肉牵拉对纵跳能力影响的比较研究

目的:探索运动前不同方式的肌肉牵拉对纵跳能力的影响,为爆发力项目合理进行准备活动提供参考.方法:19名受试者分别于进行20 s×3次静态持续的下肢肌肉牵拉和20次×3组动力性下肢肌肉牵拉后在测力台上分别进行蹲跳和反向移动跳测试;9名受试者作为对照组,在不进行肌肉牵拉的情况下同时进行相同测试,比较其跳跃高度和平均功率.结...     

辅助训练对移动靶运动员伤病防治效果的观察

射击运动员长期进行静力性工作,易导致劳损性骨骼肌肉损伤。解决这一难题的关键在于射击移动靶运动员在专项训练课结束后,进行逆向牵拉及小力量练习训练。此类训练能有效地降低劳损的发生和发展,提高运动员的运动寿命。     

Effects of nitric oxide on the contraction of skeletal muscle

A review of the literature suggests that the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on skeletal muscles fibers can be classified in two groups. In the first, the effects of NO are direct, due to nitrosation or metal nitrosylation of target proteins: depression of isometric force, shortening velocity of loaded or unloaded contractions, glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. The effect on calcium release channels varies, being inhibitory at low and stimulatory at high NO concentrations. The general consequence of the direct effects of NO is to ‘brake’ the contraction and its associated metabolism. In the second group, the effects of NO are mediated by cGMP: increase of the shortening velocity of loaded or unloaded contractions, maximal mechanical power, initial rate of force development, frequency of tetanic fusion, glucose uptake, glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration; decreases of half relaxation time of tetanus and twitch, twitch time-to-peak, force maintained during unfused tetanus and of stimulus-associated calcium release. There is negligible effect on maximal force of isometric twitch and tetanus. The general consequence of cGMP-mediated effects of NO is to improve mechanical and metabolic muscle power, similar to a transformation of slow-twitch to fast-twitch muscle, an effect that we may summarize as a ‘slow-to-fast’ shift.     

不同ATP浓度对牛蛙离体腓肠肌收缩性的影响

通过对牛蛙腓肠肌收缩性的研究,将接受连续刺激产生疲劳后的腓肠肌浸泡在不同浓度的ATP中,利用LMS-2B型二道生理纪录仪记录腓肠肌在不同ATP浓度中消除疲劳后的收缩强度和疲劳时间,观察不同浓度的ATP(2%、3%、4%)对接受连续刺激产生疲劳后的腓肠肌收缩能力的影响.实验结果显示:使牛蛙腓肠肌收缩能力最佳的ATP浓度为3%.     

Velocity and myosin phosphorylation transients in arterial smooth muscle: effects of agonist diffusion

Summary Transients in myoplasmic [Ca²⁺] and in phosphorylation of the 20,000 dalton light chain of myosin have been reported following stimulation of vascular smooth muscle by various agonists. Since these transients are rapid compared with the time required to attain a steady-state stress, agonist diffusion rates may be a significant limitation in activation. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of agonist diffusion rates on the time course of activation as assessed by mechanical measurements of stress development and isotonic shortening velocities and by determinations of the time course of myosin phosphorylation. The approach was to measure these parameters in K⁺-stimulated preparations of the swine carotid media of varying thicknesses and to estimate the theoretical contributions imposed by diffusion rates and the presence of a diffusion boundary layer surrounding the tissue. The results show that the time course of parameters which are tissue averages such as stiffness, active stress, and myosin phosphorylation is dominated by agonist diffusion rates. The sequence of events involved in excitation-contraction coupling including agonist actions on the cell membrane, Ca²⁺ release, activation of myosin light chain kinase, and cross-bridge phosphorylation appear to be very rapid events compared with stress development. Estimates of unloaded or lightly loaded shortening velocities which are not simple tissue averages appear to provide an imporoved estimate of activation rates.Supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health 5-PO1-HL19242. K. E. Kamm was supported by a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Research Service Award HL-05957.